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- The Kahnawake Mohawk Territory (pronounced . Lawrence River in Quebec, Canada, across from Montreal.
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Kahnawake - Wikipedia. The Kahnawake Mohawk Territory (pronounced . Lawrence River in Quebec, Canada, across from Montreal. Recorded by French Canadians in 1. Jesuitmission, it has also been known as Seigneury Sault du St.
Louis, Caughnawaga and 1. European spelling variations of the Mohawk Kahnawake.
Kahnawake's territory totals an area of 4. Its resident population numbers about 8,0. Its land base today is unevenly distributed due to federal Indian Act law that oversees individual land possession, unlike the Canadian norms that apply to the land around it. Kahnawake residents originally spoke their Mohawk language, and some learned French when under French rule. Allied with the British government during the American Revolutionary War and the Lower Canada Rebellion, they have since become mostly English speaking. Although people of European descent traditionally call the residents of Kahnawake Mohawk, their autonym is Kanien. They were the first Iroquois tribe west of the Hudson River in present- day New York, where they protected other parts of the confederacy to the west against invasion by tribes from present- day New England and the coastal areas.
Kahnawake is one of several Kanien. Lawrence River northwest of Montreal; Akwesasne, which straddles the borders of Quebec, Ontario and New York; and the Six Nations of the Grand River First Nation north of Lake Erie.
In the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, the community was historically considered one of the Seven Nations of Canada. The name is derived from the Mohawk word kahnaw. When converted Catholic Mohawk moved to the Montreal area, they named the new settlement after their former one. Lawrence River narrows. The territory is described in the native language as . Louis, also related to the rapids).
This term refers to the people's village that was along the natural rapids of the old river, before the construction of the St. Lawrence Seaway canal. The French colony in North America used Kahnawake to form a southwestern defence for Ville- Marie (later Montreal) and placed a military garrison there. The Jesuits founded a mission to administer to local Mohawk and other First Nations, and provide a base from which to send missionary priests west. Jesuit records give a settlement date of 1. Historical land claim. Because the Jesuits assumed rights as seigneurs of the Sault, they permitted whites to settle there and collected their rents.
The new governor Thomas Gage ordered the reserve to be entirely and exclusively vested in the Mohawk, under the Supervision of the Indian Department. Surveyors were found to have modified some old maps at the expense of the Kahnawake people. Moreover, from the late 1.
Mohawk were required to make numerous land cessions to railway, hydro- electric, and telephone companies for major industrial projects along the river. As a result, Kahnawake today has only 1. In the late twentieth century, the Mohawk Nation was pursuing land claims to regain lost land. The modern claim touches the municipalities of Saint- Constant, Sainte- Catherine, Saint- Mathieu, Delson, Candiac and Saint- Philippe. Led by the Mohawk Council of Kahnawake and Kahnawake's Inter- governmental Relations Team, the community has filed claims with the government of Canada. It is seeking monetary compensation and symbolic recognition of its claim.
The complex history of Kahnawake has included a variety of indigenous peoples, although the Mohawk became by far the majority. They had a practice of adopting captives into the tribe, mostly young women and children taken in raids. They made them full members, including Europeans. The Mohawk had a matrilineal kinship system, with children considered born into the clan of the mother and deriving their status from her family. Families adopted captives and assimilated them into the tribe. During the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, there was extensive raiding between the English and British, and French along the northern border, with each side aided by Native American allies.
European communities often raised ransoms to regain their captives, but some were kept by native communities. For instance, more than 1.
Deerfield, Massachusetts to Montreal and Kahnawake in 1. The minister of Deerfield was ransomed, but his young daughter was kept by the Mohawk, ultimately marrying into the tribe, having children and choosing to stay with her new family. Shopkeepers also formed families, and through the 1.
European men and Indian women. Mixed- race children born to Mohawk mothers were readily assimilated into the mother's family and the nation. They noted that many children who appeared to be of European ancestry were being brought up culturally as Mohawk.
In other areas of Canada, particularly the Red River region in the west, M. The Tarbell ancestors, for instance, were John and Zachary, brothers captured as young children from Groton, Massachusetts in 1. Queen Anne's War and taken to Canada. Adopted by Mohawk families in Kahnawake, the boys became assimilated: they were baptized as Catholic, learned the Mohawk ways and were given Mohawk names, married women who were daughters of chiefs, reared children with them, and became chiefs themselves. In 1. 72. 2, community residents objected to the garrison of French soldiers because they feared it would cause .
In the mid- 1. 72. Desaulnier sisters, traders who were garnering profits formerly earned by members of Kahnawake. In 1. 77. 1, twenty- two Mohawk pressed British officials to help them prevent two local families from bringing French families to settle . In 1. 81. 2, many were opposed to specific types of . In 1. 82. 2, agent Nicolas Doucet reported that the community was growing frustrated by marriages in which white husbands acquired rights over the lives and properties of their Iroquois wives according to British Canadian laws, especially as the Iroquois culture was matrilineal, with descent and property invested in the maternal line.
In 1. 82. 8, the village expelled white traders who were . Tensions rose at the time of the 1. Lower Canada Rebellion. The Mohawk had suffered incursions on their land, including non- Natives' taking valuable firewood. The Kahnawake cooperated with the British Crown against the Patriotes, largely over the issue of preserving their land and expressing their collective identity. Before and after the Rebellions, the community was fiercely divided regarding the rights of mixed- race residents, such as Antoine- George de Lorimier (the son of Claude- Nicolas- Guillaume de Lorimier), and whether he should be evicted.
Although his mother was Mohawk and native to Kahnawake, because of his father's and his own connections to the European community, George de Lorimier became a controversial figure in Kahnawake, even after his death in 1. In addition, the national government's passage of legislation, from enfranchisement to the Indian Advancement Act of 1. Canadian- style elections, split the community and added to tensions. Some young Mohawk men wanted a chance to advance independently to being chiefs; other people wanted to keep the traditional, hereditary seven life chiefs selected from the seven clans. For instance, in 1. George de Lorimier were the largest and wealthiest landowners in the community. Some Kahnawake residents questioned whether people who were not full- blood Mohawk should be allowed to own so much land.
The Mohawk Council asked members of the Giasson, Deblois, Meloche, Lafleur, Plante and de Lorimier families to leave, as all were of partial European ancestry. Some, like the de Lorimier brothers, gradually sold their properties and pursued their lives elsewhere. Others, such as Charles G.
At one point, the Kahnawake chiefs suggested selling the reserve to raise money for annuities for the tribe. Social unrest increased, with young men attacking houses, barns and farm animals of people they resented. In May 1. 87. 8 an arson fire killed Osias Meloche, the husband of Charlotte- Louise Giasson (daughter of Charles G. Under the Walbank Survey, the national government surveyed and subdivided the land of the reserve, allotting some plots individually to each head of household eligible to live in Kahnawake. The violence stopped as the new form of privatisation of land was instituted, but antagonism toward some community members did not. This lasted into the 1.
Longhouse Movement, which was based on three clans. This was strong through the 1. The reserve is criss- crossed by power lines from hydroelectric plants, railways, and vehicle highways and bridges.
One of the first of such projects was the fledgling Canadian Pacific Railway's Saint Lawrence Bridge. The masonry work was done by Reid & Fleming, and the steel superstructure was built by the Dominion Bridge Company.
In 1. 88. 6 and 1. Kahnawake to Montreal Island. Kahnawake men worked as bridgemen and ironworkers hundreds of feet above the water and ground.
When the national government decided to pass the Saint Lawrence Seawaycanal cut through the village, the people and buildings of Kahnawake were permanently separated from the natural river shore. The loss of land and access to the river, the demolition of houses, and the change in the community's relationship to the river have had profound effects on Kahnawake. The people had been sited there for hundreds of years, and their identities were related to a profound knowledge of the river, from the time they were children through adulthood. One effect of the losses was to make the community determined not to suffer more encroachment.
They drew together and became stronger. Working in New York.
Numerous Kahnawake men continued as iron and steelworkers in Canada. Thirty- three Kahnawake (Mohawk) died in the collapse of the Quebec Bridge in 1. They erected crosses of steel girders at both ends of the reserve to honor them.
Its building boom stimulated construction of notable skyscrapers and bridges.
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The waitresses and waiters get treated with absolutely no respect unless you're 3. Also, waitresses are SUPPOSED TO SEND OUT SALADS BEFORE YOUR APPITIZER TO WHATEVER GUY TRIED TO COMPLAIN BEFORE. The owners do not respect their employees at all. The accuse them of stealing and call them stupid.
They can't be pleased. They make teenage waters and waitresses drive on ice and snow to work. If they say they can't make it the owners response is, ! They've really gone down hill the past year, fast!!
Dgritts@yahoo. Went to wallstreet tonight 3/2. Had a little wait but we're seated in about 1. We have been there several times for dinner and lately the last few times we have eaten there the service and food has been getting worse. I always get the loaded cheese fries appetizer, so tonight I ordered those and the fried chicken tenders with a salad my girlfriend ordered the pork with bourbon sauce with a side order of grill mushrooms. Well the first problem is that we got our salads first then had to wait for silverware because they didn't have any ready. We weren't the only customers that had to wait for silverware it took about 5 min but was finally able to begin to eat our salad but still had no cheese fries. But after eating half of our salads they brought out a basket of cheese sticks.
Told them that we ordered cheese fries so they took them back and about 1. So much for and Appitizer. I revived my chicken strips and my girlfriend got her pork dinner. My chicken strips were or, it was the first time I had ordered them but after eating them would not order them afain. My girlfriends pork was ok, kind of chewy and her murshrooms didn't taste very fresh all in all the meal and service wasn't very good. Was going to talk to someone about our meal but you couldn't tell who was in charge.
The room was full of teenagers that were working the floor and like I said you couldn't tell who was the manager. Half of the employees looked like they didn't want to be there and the waitress we has was in her 3. I saw the whole night and she really didn't look like she wanted to be there. Like I said at the beginning we have gone to wallstreet often but won't be going back any time soon.
Management could positively motivate the waiters/waitresses a bit. Kim mayberry. In response to the post below.... I worked for the wall street grill as a server for many years and was treated with nothing but respect by the owners.
Yes, they are perfectionists. I believe that is why they have been so successful while numerous other restaurants have closed. The owners expect all employees to be professional and yes the job can be stressful at times but we were never made to pay for waters of the customers.
That just doesn't make sense. As for cleanliness...
I have never worked at a cleaner place of business. I remember touching my hair one time and my boss making me go wash my hands. Thought she was crazy at the time but now I appreciate it. It took us an hour and a half at night just to clean up.. I have been at many jobs since wall street grill, but have never worked for nicer people. Christmas parties with wonderful gifts for all employees, paid vacations, homemade birthday cakes, time off whenever we needed and the list goes on and on. One more thing....
Most chose to pay mistakes on their own free will, but I don't recall anyone ever holding paychecks back. If u haven't tried the wall street grill, you need to. It's a wonderful establishment. Go and see for yourself. Elizabeth. We love Wall Street Grill!!! It has a pleasant atmosphere, wonderful food, and is reasonably priced. Great soups, salads, baked ziti, burgers, and peanut butter explosion pie!!
I will never eat in this place again, everything was terrible, wait to long for the food, bad service. Valued Customer. We've been dining at Wall Street since they opened the new place across from Wal- mart. Good food for the most part, good service, and clean atmosphere. There are many rumors going around about the fraudulent activities that go on behind the scenes however. The owners demand a lot from their servers (hearing this from small talk with our kind waitresses). From what we know, the servers are forced to pay up their 'mistakes' up front and out of their own pockets.
They even go as far as withholding paychecks until these mistakes are paid (sometimes accumulating up to 2. These 'mistakes' may be reasonable, up until these innocent servers are paying for their customers WATERS, because the owner doesn't believe that's what the customer actually got. Sounds like a scam to me. Sounds like some money hungry, old greedy jerks that are a bit insecure. I once got a cup of sour cream that reeked of dish soap. I asked what in the world is this about and I was told they re- wash all of their condiments to save money.
Where's the Health Department? Us customers can get SICK!!! So what I mainly want to get through here is basically this: the next time you go to Wall Street Grill, double check what you're eating, and make sure your server is not paying for the FREE waters you drink. No taxes are claimed on these 'mistakes' just straight in the pockets of the greed machines. They ALWAYA mess up our orders.
They ALWAYS charge us for extra when it was the ORIGI.. They will add another dessert to your bill.